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John C. Garand designed his .30 cal rifle in 1928. After many failed tests against other rifle prototypes, it did not emerge as a major candidate for military use until 1932 when there was a surplus of .30 M1 ball ammunitio. The Department of War halted production of .276 Pederson rifles and ammo, and Garand's latest redesign of his .30-06 Springfield rifle was sent to the Springfield Armory for production. They increased throughput eventually to cranking out 600 of these rifles per day. Once the US entered WWII, every branch of the military adopted the M1 as their primary infantry service rifle. Over 5 million rifles were produced for the war effort.
.30-06 stands for .30 caliber - 1906, as that is when the cartridge was created to replace the .30-40 Krag for the United States military. After the rapid adoption of the M1 rifle, the caliber has since been used all over the world. This was the primary rifle and machine gun cartridge for the US Military until being replaced by the 7.62x51mm NATO some 50 years later.
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